Under Article 75 of the Constitution, Union Ministers are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister and are collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. The Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961 divide the Government’s work among ministries and departments. A Cabinet Minister leads each ministry and may be assisted by Ministers of State. Each department is run by a Secretary.
Both of Nadda’s ministries sit on shared constitutional ground. Public health, hospitals and dispensaries are State subjects (List II, entry 6). Medical education, the medical professions, drugs, family planning and the control of infectious diseases that cross State borders are in the Concurrent List. The Union therefore works largely through national programmes, regulators, central institutions and funding to the States. The chemicals, fertilizers and pharmaceutical industries are governed mainly through central policy, pricing and subsidy.